Aortic stenosis is a progressive condition characterised by thickening and reduced mobility of the aortic cusps, eventually leading to marked restriction of blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta.

Most people have 3 aortic cusps, but there are several variations in this, the most common being a ‘bicuspid’ aortic valve which affects about 1% of the population – this results in only 2 cusps, and accelerated valve dysfunction, which can be in the form of narrowing (stenosis) or a leaf (regurgitation)

Progressive exertional breathlessness is the most common symptom. In advanced cases patients can experience chest tightness, exertional syncope (black outs with exercise) and heart failure

• This is a ‘mechanical’ problem, that in most cases requires a ‘mechanical’ solution. Medications such as diuretics can be used to alleviate some symptoms, but once symptoms develop prompt decision making as to the appropriateness of valve intervention is critical.
• Valve intervention can be either via a surgical replacement (sternotomy – i.e. open heart surgery) or a transcatheter replacement (usually via the femoral artery). Your cardiologist will help decide what is the best and most suitable option for you.